Hot isostatic pressing: Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a form of heat treatment that uses high pressure to improve material properties. That pressure is applied by an inert gas, usually argon. Time at elevated temperature and pressure allows plastic deformation, creep and diffusion to occur. Castings for critical applications are HIPed to eliminate internal microporosity thereby improving mechanical properties by removing defects. Hot isostatic pressing also enables the bonding, or cladding, of two or more materials together, either in the solid or powder form.
Metal joining: Metal joining is a controlled process used to fuse metals. There are several techniques of metal joining of which welding is one of the more basic forms.
Heat treatment: Heat treatment is a controlled process used to alter the microstructure of materials such as metals and alloys to impart properties which benefit the working life of a component, for example increased surface hardness, temperature resistance, ductility and strength.
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